West Virginia Department of Health 2026: Services & Phone

🏥 West Virginia public health guide · 2026

West Virginia Department of Health Services, Phone Numbers, Vital Records, WIC & Public Health Help

Use this practical guide to contact the West Virginia Department of Health, find the right public health office, request birth or death certificates, access vaccine records, contact WIC, report disease concerns, understand Medicaid and benefit routing, and avoid confusing old DHHR links.

West Virginia health services can be confusing because the old DHHR structure now connects users to the Department of Health, Department of Health Facilities, Department of Human Services, Bureau for Public Health, Health Statistics Center, WIC, Medicaid, and county-level public health resources.

☎️ WV Department of Health: 304-558-0684 🏛️ Bureau for Public Health: 304-558-2971 🧾 Vital Records: 304-558-2931 🥗 WV WIC: 304-558-0030 💳 Benefits hotline: 1-877-716-1212 🚨 Abuse/neglect: 1-800-352-6513
🔎 Official help finder
Choose the West Virginia health service you need

This finder helps you choose the correct official path. It does not book appointments or replace a state office, county office, clinic, Medicaid worker, or emergency hotline. It helps prevent the most common problem: using the wrong West Virginia health department contact.

☎️ Main West Virginia Department of Health contact

For general West Virginia Department of Health questions, start with the official contact page or call 304-558-0684. For public health programs, vital records, WIC, Medicaid, facility complaints, disease reporting, or benefit changes, use the specific official contact path because those services may be handled by different offices.

✅ Quick answer

West Virginia Department of Health phone number, services and official help

The main West Virginia Department of Health phone number is 304-558-0684. The department lists its office at One Davis Square, Suite 100, East, Charleston, WV 25301. Use this main contact for general Department of Health routing, but do not assume it is the fastest number for every service.

For public health program questions, the Bureau for Public Health contact page lists 304-558-2971. For birth, death, and marriage certificates or corrections, the Vital Registration Branch lists 304-558-2931 and email dhhrvitalreg@wv.gov. For WIC, the West Virginia Office of Nutrition Services lists 304-558-0030. For benefits or Medicaid-related changes, the customer services hotline is 1-877-716-1212.

The strongest path is simple: identify your service first, then use the correct official office. West Virginia has separate routes for Department of Health, Bureau for Public Health, Department of Human Services, Department of Health Facilities, WV PATH, WIC, Health Statistics Center, facility complaints, and emergency reporting.

☎️ Main WV Health Use 304-558-0684 for general Department of Health contact and routing.
🏛️ Bureau for Public Health Use 304-558-2971 for Bureau for Public Health general information.
🧾 Vital records Use 304-558-2931 for birth, death, marriage certificate and correction help.
🥗 WIC Use 304-558-0030 for West Virginia WIC general inquiries.
💳 Benefits changes Use 1-877-716-1212 for benefit questions or benefit change reporting.
🚨 Emergency warning Call 911 for immediate danger. Call 988 for suicide or mental health crisis support.
📌 Fast facts

West Virginia Department of Health fast facts before you call

Official website The current WV Department of Health website is health.wv.gov.
Main phone West Virginia Department of Health contact phone: 304-558-0684.
Office address One Davis Square, Suite 100, East, Charleston, WV 25301.
Bureau for Public Health General BPH phone: 304-558-2971.
Vital Registration Birth, death and marriage certificate help: 304-558-2931.
WIC phone WV WIC general inquiries: 304-558-0030.
Disease reporting Disease reporting or epidemiology consultation: 1-800-423-1271 or 304-558-5358.
Abuse or neglect To report abuse or neglect 24/7: 1-800-352-6513.
🔎 Source verification

Official verification for this West Virginia health guide

Publish-ready as of: May 8, 2026.

This article was prepared using official West Virginia government resources, including the West Virginia Department of Health website, Bureau for Public Health pages, Health Statistics Center, Vital Registration, WIC, online services pages, Department of Human Services contact pages, hotline pages, and Department of Health Facilities contact resources.

West Virginia health agency pages, program names, phone numbers, office routing, benefit systems, certificate fees, clinic hours, and county services can change. Always verify the exact program on the official WV.gov page before visiting, mailing documents, paying fees, applying for benefits, requesting certificates, reporting a complaint, or relying on a deadline.

🧭 Contents

What this West Virginia Department of Health guide covers

☎️ Phone help

West Virginia Department of Health phone number directory by service

Do not rely on one phone number for every issue. West Virginia health and human service programs are split across several offices, and the correct number depends on whether you need public health, vital records, WIC, Medicaid, facility complaints, disease reporting, benefits, or emergency help.

Main West Virginia Department of Health 304-558-0684. Use for general Department of Health routing and secretary-level contact.
Bureau for Public Health 304-558-2971. Use for general public health program routing through BPH.
Vital Registration Branch 304-558-2931. Use for birth, death, marriage certificate and correction help.
West Virginia WIC 304-558-0030. Use for state WIC program questions; local WIC clinics handle local appointments.
Benefit questions or changes 1-877-716-1212. Use for benefit questions, benefit changes, and WV PATH-related assistance.
Client services and complaints 1-800-642-8589. Use for client services inquiries or complaints listed by West Virginia human services contacts.
Disease reporting 1-800-423-1271 or 304-558-5358. Use for disease reporting or epidemiology consultation.
Abuse or neglect 24/7 1-800-352-6513. Use for abuse or neglect reporting, not general health department questions.

Best calling strategy

Before calling, write down your exact service, county, record type, certificate name, benefit case detail, WIC clinic, Medicaid question, disease concern, facility complaint, or permit issue. A specific request gets routed faster than “I need the health department.”

🌐 Agency confusion

West Virginia DH, DHHR, DoHS and Department of Health Facilities confusion

Many users still search for “West Virginia DHHR” when they really need one of several current paths. West Virginia’s online health and human services pages now point users toward the Department of Health, Department of Health Facilities, and Department of Human Services, along with the Office of Shared Administration and program-specific pages.

This matters because the Department of Health may be correct for public health and vital records, while the Department of Human Services may be correct for benefits, child welfare, abuse or neglect reporting, and family support. The Department of Health Facilities may be correct for facility complaints or state health facility issues.

Use Department of Health for Public health, Bureau for Public Health, health statistics, vital records, disease reporting, WIC, immunization records, and population health topics.
Use Department of Human Services for Benefits, WV PATH, child welfare, abuse or neglect reporting, family support, SNAP/TANF-related assistance, and many client service issues.
Use Department of Health Facilities for Health facility matters, facility complaints, state-operated health facilities, and facility-focused contact routes.
🧰 Services

What the West Virginia Department of Health handles in 2026

The West Virginia Department of Health connects users to public health work across the lifespan, from newborn-related records and immunizations to disease prevention, environmental health, emergency preparedness, statistics, WIC, and public health response.

Some programs are handled directly by statewide offices, while others are delivered through local health departments, clinics, county programs, or partner offices. That is why official routing matters.

Vital records and health statistics Birth, death, marriage, divorce data, vital statistics reports, certificate corrections, vital record forms, and statewide health statistics.
Public health programs Disease prevention, epidemiology, emergency preparedness, chronic disease work, public health response, and statewide health initiatives.
Immunization records Vaccine history access, WVSIIS-related resources, MyIRMobile record access, school immunization questions, and provider-based vaccine records.
WIC nutrition support Women, Infants and Children nutrition services, breastfeeding counseling, nutrition education, health monitoring, and local WIC clinic support.
Environmental public health Drinking water, public health sanitation, environmental health services, boil water advisories, onsite issues, food-related public health topics, and inspection-related routing.
Disease reporting and response Communicable disease reporting, epidemiology consultation, public health response, and emergency preparedness communication.
⚠️ Wrong office check

What the West Virginia Department of Health may not be the right office for

West Virginia Department of Health is not the correct office for every benefit, facility, private medical, insurance, or local government issue. If the user searches the wrong agency first, they may waste time and miss a deadline.

SNAP, TANF and many benefit questions These are usually routed through Department of Human Services, WV PATH, customer service, or local benefit offices.
Medicaid eligibility and changes Medicaid benefit changes and eligibility questions often use WV PATH or the benefit customer service hotline.
Health facility complaints Facility complaints may be routed through Department of Health Facilities or client services, depending on the issue.
Private medical billing Hospital, doctor, clinic, pharmacy, lab, or insurance billing disputes usually start with that provider, plan, or insurer.
Emergency medical care Call 911 for life-threatening emergencies. Do not wait for a general state agency email.
Federal Medicare questions Medicare is federal. Use Medicare.gov or 1-800-MEDICARE for Medicare plan, claim, card, and coverage issues.
🧾 Vital records

West Virginia birth certificate, death certificate, marriage and divorce record help

The West Virginia Health Statistics Center and Vital Registration Office are important for users searching for birth certificates, death certificates, marriage certificates, certificate corrections, and vital statistics. The Vital Registration Office is the state repository for vital records, and certified copies are issued through the official process.

For assistance with birth, death, and marriage certificates, and corrections to those vital certificates, West Virginia lists 304-558-2931 and email dhhrvitalreg@wv.gov. Users should verify current forms, fees, payment methods, in-person service rules, and mailing instructions before ordering.

Birth certificates Use the Vital Registration certificate request process for certified birth certificates and official proof of birth.
Death certificates Use the Vital Registration process for death certificate requests, eligibility questions, and certified copies.
Marriage certificates Use official vital records guidance for marriage certificate requests and state-held record questions.
Divorce records West Virginia vital statistics tracks divorce data, but certified divorce decrees or court file documents may require the circuit court clerk.
Corrections and amendments Certificate corrections can require forms, proof, fees, and supporting documents.
Fees can change Verify current fees on the official Vital Registration pages before mailing money or visiting.

Before requesting a West Virginia vital record

Prepare the full name on the record, date of birth or death, county if known, parent or spouse details when required, valid ID, mailing address, payment method, and whether you need a certified copy. If you need the record for passport, school, estate, insurance, marriage, immigration, or court use, confirm the exact document type first.

💉 Immunizations

West Virginia immunization records, vaccine history and MyIRMobile help

West Virginia Department of Health announced a vaccine record access resource allowing residents to review immunization history and print official records through MyIRMobile. This is important for parents, students, employers, health care workers, college admissions, travel, and adults who need vaccine history.

Users should also check with their pediatrician, primary care provider, local health department, school, pharmacy, or previous provider when records appear incomplete. Older records, out-of-state vaccines, or records not reported to the registry may require extra documentation.

Use MyIRMobile for Reviewing immunization history and printing official records when available through West Virginia’s vaccine record system.
Use providers for Missing vaccines, old records, recent shots, correction requests, and vaccines not visible in the system.
Use schools for Student immunization requirements, school forms, entry rules, and record submission instructions.
Use local health departments for Vaccine clinics, immunization questions, children’s vaccine support, and county-level vaccine services when available.

School immunization tip

Before school enrollment, collect your child’s vaccine record, previous provider details, school notice, date of birth, parent or guardian information, and any out-of-state vaccine proof. Ask the school or provider exactly what format is accepted.

🥗 WIC

West Virginia WIC phone number, clinic finder, nutrition help and appointment tips

The West Virginia WIC Program helps eligible women, infants, and children with nutrition support, breastfeeding counseling and education, health monitoring, and nutritious foods. The state WIC general inquiry phone number is 304-558-0030, and local WIC clinics handle many appointment and county service questions.

For local WIC clinic information, use the official WIC clinic search and county pages. Local offices may have different days, hours, clinic addresses, phone numbers, and appointment procedures. Do not assume one county clinic schedule applies statewide.

WIC general phone Call 304-558-0030 for West Virginia WIC general inquiries.
Local WIC clinic Use the official WIC clinic search for county clinic location, phone, fax, and hours.
Nutrition support WIC can provide nutrition education, breastfeeding support, health monitoring, and approved food support for eligible participants.
First appointment Bring proof of identity, address, income or program participation, pregnancy information if applicable, and child information.
WIC vendor help Retailers and farmers may need the Vendor Management Unit rather than the participant clinic line.
Online nutrition Some local WIC services may offer online nutrition education or digital participant tools.
💳 Benefits

West Virginia Medicaid, WV PATH, CHIP and benefit help

Medicaid, CHIP, SNAP, TANF, benefit changes, and many assistance programs may not be handled by the Department of Health main phone. They are commonly routed through Department of Human Services, WV PATH, customer service, or program-specific offices.

The West Virginia hotline page lists 1-877-716-1212 as the customer services hotline to report a benefit change. It also lists 1-877-WVA-CHIP or 1-877-982-2447 for WV Children’s Health Insurance Program. Client services for inquiries for Department of Health, Department of Health Facilities, and Department of Human Services programs are listed at 1-800-642-8589.

Use WV PATH for Managing applications, reviews, benefits, and Department of Human Services assistance programs.
Use benefit hotline for Reporting a benefit change or asking benefit-related questions through 1-877-716-1212.
Use CHIP contact for WV Children’s Health Insurance Program questions at 1-877-WVA-CHIP or 1-877-982-2447.
Use managed care plan for Replacement cards, provider networks, claims, prior authorizations, prescriptions, PCP changes, and plan-specific questions.

Medicaid routing tip

If your question is about Medicaid eligibility, renewal, income change, address change, WV PATH access, or benefit review, the Department of Human Services or WV PATH route is usually better than the general Department of Health number. If your question is about a managed care plan’s benefits, contact the health plan member services number.

🌿 Environmental health

West Virginia environmental health, water, sanitation and public health complaints

Environmental health questions may involve drinking water, boil water advisories, sanitation, public health permits, food-related issues, onsite concerns, local health departments, and the Office of Environmental Health Services. Some topics are state-level, some are county-level, and some are routed to a different regulatory office.

For urgent local hazards, contact the proper local health department, emergency service, or official reporting number. For non-urgent program questions, start with the Bureau for Public Health or Office of Environmental Health Services resources and verify the county or program-specific process.

Drinking water and advisories Check official environmental health and local health department pages for boil water advisories and water-related notices.
Food and sanitation Local health departments may route restaurant, food safety, or sanitation concerns depending on county and issue.
Permits and inspections Some public health permits and inspections require county or program-specific contact.
Public health complaint Provide the location, county, facility name, date, photos if allowed, and exact concern.
Immediate danger If the situation is urgent or life-threatening, call emergency services instead of waiting for a web form.
Official routing Use WV.gov, BPH, OEHS, or county health department pages before relying on old phone listings.
🦠 Disease reporting

West Virginia disease reporting, epidemiology consultation and public health response

The Bureau for Public Health contact page lists disease reporting or epidemiology consultation at 1-800-423-1271 and 304-558-5358. This is not a general appointment line. It is for reportable disease or epidemiology-related public health concerns.

For personal medical diagnosis or treatment, contact a licensed health care provider. For immediate danger or severe symptoms, call 911. For public health reporting questions, use the official disease reporting path and provide accurate details.

Use disease reporting for Reportable disease questions, epidemiology consultation, outbreak-related reporting, and public health response routing.
Use a provider for Diagnosis, treatment, prescriptions, test interpretation, personal medical advice, and urgent clinical care.
Use emergency care for Life-threatening symptoms, severe reactions, breathing trouble, poisoning, overdose, serious injury, or immediate danger.
Prepare details County, date, suspected disease or exposure, facility, provider details, and contact information if appropriate.
🏥 Facilities

West Virginia health facility complaints and Department of Health Facilities help

If your issue is about a health facility, hospital, long-term care facility, state health facility, treatment facility, or facility-level complaint, the Department of Health Facilities or client services contact route may be more useful than the Department of Health main number.

Official West Virginia contact pages list 1-800-642-8589 for complaints and client services. For facility-specific concerns, provide the facility name, location, date, type of concern, resident or patient details if appropriate, and whether the issue is urgent.

Facility complaints Use official Department of Health Facilities contact routes or client services for complaint routing.
Not monitored 24/7 Email is not always monitored around the clock. Use emergency services for urgent danger.
Complaint details matter Include dates, facility name, staff names if known, documents, photos if allowed, and what outcome you are requesting.
📊 Records & data

West Virginia vital statistics, health reports, FOIA and public records

The Health Statistics Center publishes vital statistics and health-related reports for West Virginia. These resources can be useful for school reports, public health planning, demographic research, birth and death trends, marriage and divorce statistics, and public health data needs.

For agency records that are not already published, use the official FOIA or public records contact path. A strong request should include the program name, date range, document type, county, subject, and preferred format. Do not use FOIA when you really need a certified birth certificate, private medical record, benefit case update, or emergency response.

Use Health Statistics Center for Vital statistics reports, birth and death trends, marriage/divorce data, BRFSS reports, county health data, and publications.
Use Vital Registration for Certified birth, death, fetal death, marriage certificates, and certificate corrections.
Use FOIA for Specific agency records maintained by a West Virginia state office that are not already published.
Use providers for medical records Personal medical records from hospitals, doctors, labs, or clinics usually come from the provider’s records office.
📍 Local intent

West Virginia county health department near me: local services and office help

Many public health services are local. Users may search for Charleston, Huntington, Morgantown, Parkersburg, Wheeling, Martinsburg, Beckley, Fairmont, Clarksburg, or county health department services. The statewide site can point you in the right direction, but local health departments may control appointment times, clinic schedules, local public health notices, environmental health services, WIC clinics, and county-specific contact information.

Kanawha County / Charleston Check local office pages for clinic schedules, public health notices, certificates, WIC routing, and environmental health help.
Cabell County / Huntington Local health department pages may help with immunizations, disease response, inspections, local programs, and clinic services.
Monongalia County / Morgantown Use county or local public health pages for nearby clinic services, student health-related public guidance, and local alerts.
Berkeley County / Martinsburg Confirm local health department services, WIC clinic details, county alerts, and local contact numbers before visiting.
Ohio County / Wheeling Use local pages for WIC, county health programs, office hours, and local service availability.
Rural counties Smaller county offices may have limited service days, specific appointment rules, or shared regional services.
🆓 Free vs paid

West Virginia Department of Health free services vs paid records, certificates and benefits

Many official West Virginia health pages, public health guidance pages, WIC information pages, online services pages, and public health reports are free to read. Some services may involve official fees, especially certified vital records, certificate corrections, mailed records, permit fees, inspection-related charges, or copy requests.

Do not pay a private website before checking the official WV.gov page. Private certificate, background, benefit, or directory websites can look official but may charge extra fees, show outdated numbers, or route you away from the correct agency.

Usually free to check Official contact pages, public health programs, WIC information, vaccine record guidance, hotline lists, online services lists, and health reports.
May involve official fees Certified birth certificates, death certificates, marriage certificates, amendments, copies, permits, inspections, and mailed documents.
Eligibility matters WIC, Medicaid, CHIP, SNAP, TANF, and some local health services may require eligibility review or documents.
Official payment matters Pay only through an official state, county, or clearly approved payment path.
🧾 Checklist

Checklist before calling or visiting a West Virginia health office

Most failed visits happen because the user brings the wrong documents or contacts the wrong office. Prepare the right information before calling, applying, visiting, or mailing forms.

For vital records Full name on record, date, county, parent or spouse details, valid ID, proof of eligibility, mailing address, and payment method.
For immunizations Date of birth, prior vaccine card, provider name, school request, parent/guardian details, and any out-of-state records.
For WIC Proof of identity, address, income or program participation, pregnancy details if applicable, child information, and clinic instructions.
For Medicaid or benefits WV PATH account details, case number if available, household changes, income proof, address, documents, and renewal notice.
For environmental health Property address, county, facility name, permit number, complaint details, date, photos if allowed, and contact information.
For facility complaints Facility name, date of issue, people involved, resident or patient details if appropriate, documents, and whether danger is immediate.
🧭 Step by step

How to contact the right West Virginia health office

1

Identify the exact service

Decide whether your issue is Department of Health contact, public health, vital records, immunization records, WIC, Medicaid, benefits, facility complaints, environmental health, data, or emergency help.

2

Use the correct official West Virginia page

Start with health.wv.gov for Department of Health, BPH pages for public health, Health Statistics Center for vital records, WIC pages for nutrition support, and Department of Human Services for benefits.

3

Use local offices when the service is local

For county clinics, WIC appointments, public health inspections, local advisories, or clinic schedules, contact the local health department or local program office.

4

Prepare documents and case details

Have ID, record details, case number, benefit notice, vaccine record, certificate information, facility name, county, or appointment information ready before calling.

5

Verify fees, hours and forms before visiting

Do not rely on old search results. Check the official WV.gov page or call the correct office before traveling, mailing documents, or paying fees.

🚨 Emergency warning

Do not use general West Virginia health contact pages for emergencies

If there is a life-threatening emergency, call 911. If you need suicide, mental health crisis, or emotional distress support in the United States, call or text 988. To report abuse or neglect 24/7 in West Virginia, use 1-800-352-6513.

General Department of Health emails and contact forms are not the right route for immediate danger, severe medical symptoms, active violence, overdose danger, child abuse, elder abuse, poisoning, or urgent safety threats.

🗺️ Map

West Virginia Department of Health map and Charleston office location

The map below points to the West Virginia Department of Health contact location in Charleston. Most users should call or use the correct official online service before visiting. For county services, WIC clinics, certificates, benefits, or facility complaints, verify the exact office first.

❓ FAQ

West Virginia Department of Health FAQ: services, phone, records and benefits

What is the West Virginia Department of Health phone number?

The main West Virginia Department of Health phone number is 304-558-0684. Use it for general Department of Health contact and routing. For specific services, use the correct program number.

What is the West Virginia Department of Health address?

The Department of Health contact page lists One Davis Square, Suite 100, East, Charleston, WV 25301.

What is the Bureau for Public Health phone number in West Virginia?

The Bureau for Public Health contact page lists 304-558-2971 as the general information phone number.

How do I get a West Virginia birth certificate?

Use the official Vital Registration certificate request process through the West Virginia Health Statistics Center. For assistance with birth, death, and marriage certificates or corrections, call 304-558-2931.

How do I get a West Virginia death certificate?

Use the official Vital Registration certificate request page or contact the Vital Registration Branch at 304-558-2931. Verify eligibility, fees, ID requirements, and request method before ordering.

Does West Virginia Department of Health handle divorce records?

West Virginia vital statistics includes divorce data, but certified divorce decrees or detailed court case documents may require the court clerk where the divorce was filed.

How do I access my West Virginia immunization record?

West Virginia Department of Health has pointed residents to MyIRMobile for vaccination record access. You may also need to check with your provider, local health department, school, pharmacy, or previous provider if records are incomplete.

What is the West Virginia WIC phone number?

The West Virginia WIC general inquiry phone number is 304-558-0030. Local WIC clinics handle many appointment and clinic-specific questions.

How do I find a West Virginia WIC clinic near me?

Use the official West Virginia WIC clinic search page. It lists local clinic addresses, phone numbers, fax numbers, and hours where available.

Who handles West Virginia Medicaid benefit questions?

Medicaid and benefit questions may be routed through WV PATH, Department of Human Services, or benefit customer service. The hotline list includes 1-877-716-1212 for benefit questions or changes.

What number do I call to report abuse or neglect in West Virginia?

To report abuse or neglect 24/7, the Department of Human Services contact page lists 1-800-352-6513.

How do I report disease concerns in West Virginia?

The Bureau for Public Health contact page lists disease reporting or epidemiology consultation at 1-800-423-1271 or 304-558-5358.

Where do I complain about a West Virginia health facility?

Facility complaints may be routed through Department of Health Facilities or client services. Official contact pages list 1-800-642-8589 for complaints or client services.

Is West Virginia Department of Health the same as DHHR?

No. Many old pages and search results still mention DHHR, but West Virginia now separates health, health facilities, and human services routes. Use the official current page for the service you need.

Is this the official West Virginia Department of Health website?

No. This is an independent informational guide. For official services, records, forms, fees, benefits, complaints, or public health notices, use official WV.gov pages.

📝 Editorial note

Independent guide and official-use disclaimer

This article is an independent guide created to help users understand West Virginia Department of Health services, phone numbers, public health programs, vital records, WIC, immunization records, Medicaid routing, environmental health, facility complaints, public records, and official links.

It is not the official West Virginia Department of Health website and does not provide medical advice, legal advice, benefit decisions, emergency help, or guaranteed appointment information. Before visiting, paying, mailing documents, applying, renewing, filing a complaint, or relying on a deadline, verify details directly with the correct official WV.gov office or program page.

⭐ Final summary

Bottom line for West Virginia Department of Health services and phone help

For general West Virginia Department of Health contact, use 304-558-0684. For Bureau for Public Health, use 304-558-2971. For birth, death, and marriage certificate help, use Vital Registration at 304-558-2931. For WIC, use 304-558-0030 or the local WIC clinic search. For benefit questions and WV PATH-related help, use 1-877-716-1212. For abuse or neglect reporting, use 1-800-352-6513.

The most reliable user path is official first, service-specific second, local office third. That prevents confusion between Department of Health, Department of Human Services, Department of Health Facilities, old DHHR pages, local clinics, and private directory sites.